Ottoman military architecture

Ottoman military architecture evolved to create strong fortresses, castles, and city walls that protected against invaders. It combined practical defensive features like thick stone walls, battlements, and towers for surveillance and defense. Inspired by earlier Islamic and Byzantine designs, Ottomans adapted these elements, adding strategic positioning and sturdy construction. They also built fortified citadels and border forts (such as in the Balkans and Middle East) to control territory and ensure military readiness. Overall, Ottoman military architecture balanced durability with functionality, serving both as defensive structures and symbols of imperial power.