Otoconia

Otoconia are tiny calcium carbonate crystals located in the utricle and saccule of the inner ear, which are structures responsible for sensing gravity and linear acceleration. These crystals rest on a gel-like layer and help detect head movements by shifting with gravity, stimulating sensory hair cells that send signals to the brain about position and motion. If otoconia become dislodged or move abnormally, it can lead to balance problems or conditions like vertigo. Understanding otoconia is important for diagnosing and treating balance disorders related to the inner ear.