Osmoregulation in vertebrates

Osmoregulation in vertebrates is the process of maintaining the balance of water and salts in their bodies. This ensures cells function properly and prevents dehydration or excessive swelling. The kidneys play a key role by filtering blood and adjusting the amount of water and salts excreted as urine. Depending on their environment—such as freshwater, saltwater, or land—the animals adapt their kidneys and other organs to conserve or rid water and salts appropriately. This complex system helps vertebrates stay hydrated, maintain blood pressure, and ensure overall health.