Osmanlı İmparatorluğu (Ottoman Empire in Turkish)

The Ottoman Empire was a powerful Turkish-founded state that lasted from roughly 1299 to 1922. At its height, it controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa, serving as a major political and military force. The empire was characterized by its administrative organization, cultural diversity, and advancements in arts, architecture, and science. It played a key role in the history of Europe and the Middle East, influencing religion, trade, and diplomacy. The Ottoman Empire gradually declined due to internal strife, military defeats, and modernization challenges, ultimately leading to the establishment of the modern Republic of Turkey.