Optics and Electromagnetism

Optics studies how light behaves and interacts with materials. Electromagnetism explains how electric and magnetic fields interact, including the nature of light as an electromagnetic wave. Fourier Optics merges these fields by using mathematical techniques to analyze light patterns. It helps us understand how images are formed and how we can manipulate light, informing technologies like cameras, telescopes, and holography. Essentially, it involves breaking down complex light waves into simpler components, making it easier to analyze and design optical systems.