Optical lattices

Optical lattices are structures created by shining intersecting laser beams, which generate a pattern of light and dark areas. These patterns form a series of potential wells—like tiny, adjustable "traps"—where atoms can be confined and held in place. By controlling the laser properties, scientists can precisely manipulate and study the behavior of atoms, similar to how electrons move within the periodic structure of a crystal. Optical lattices are essential tools in quantum research, helping us understand fundamental physics and develop advanced technologies like quantum computers.