oncogenic mechanisms

Oncogenic mechanisms refer to how certain changes in cells lead to cancer. Normally, cells grow and divide in controlled ways, but genetic mutations or damage can disrupt this balance. These changes might activate genes that promote growth (oncogenes) or disable genes that suppress tumors (tumor suppressor genes). When these processes occur, cells can grow uncontrollably, avoiding normal checks and balances. This unchecked growth can form tumors and spread, leading to cancer. In essence, oncogenic mechanisms are the cellular errors that cause normal cells to become cancerous.