Oldest Mesoamerican civilization

The oldest Mesoamerican civilization is generally considered to be the Olmec, which emerged around 1200 BCE in present-day Mexico. Known for their impressive colossal stone heads and sophisticated society, the Olmec laid the cultural foundations for later civilizations like the Maya and Aztecs. They developed early forms of writing and a calendar, as well as advanced agricultural techniques. The Olmec were influential in art, religion, and trade, establishing complex urban centers and engaging in long-distance commerce, which highlights their role in shaping Mesoamerican history and culture.