Observation vs. inference

Observation is the act of directly noticing or measuring something using your senses or tools—like seeing a tree or hearing a bird. Inference, on the other hand, is a conclusion or judgment you make based on those observations—such as assuming the tree is healthy because of its green leaves. Essentially, observations are factual, while inferences interpret those facts to understand what they mean. Recognizing the difference helps ensure we base our ideas on what we directly see or measure rather than assumptions.