Nucleotides

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, which carry genetic information in all living organisms. Each nucleotide consists of three parts: a sugar molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (such as adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine). These components link together in specific sequences to form long chains that encode instructions for cell functions. The sequence of nucleotides determines genetic traits and how biological processes occur. Essentially, nucleotides are the molecular units that store, transmit, and help replicate genetic information essential for life.