Nicolai Hartmann

Nicolai Hartmann was a German philosopher known for his work in ontology, the study of being. He proposed that reality consists of different layers or levels—for example, physical objects, biological life, and cultural or spiritual phenomena—each with its own characteristics and laws. Hartmann emphasized that these levels are interconnected but have unique qualities that can't be reduced to simpler ones. His ideas help us understand the complexity of existence and how different aspects of reality relate, providing a comprehensive framework for philosophy, science, and human experience.