Nicholas II of Russia

Nicholas II was the last Emperor of Russia, ruling from 1894 until his abdication in 1917 during the Russian Revolution. He faced challenges such as military defeats in World War I, economic strife, and social unrest. His autocratic rule and resistance to political reform led to widespread dissatisfaction. The abdication marked the end of over three centuries of Romanov dynasty rule. Nicholas and his family were executed by Bolsheviks in 1918. His reign is often seen as a significant contributing factor to the revolution that transformed Russia into a communist state.