New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM)

The New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) is a modern approach to excavating tunnels that emphasizes flexibility and safety. It involves monitoring ground conditions during construction and adapting support measures as needed, rather than applying a fixed method upfront. NATM relies on the natural strength of surrounding soil or rock to stabilize the tunnel, using techniques like shotcrete (sprayed concrete) and temporary supports, which are added progressively. This approach reduces costs, minimizes tunnel deformation, and improves safety by allowing real-time adjustments based on ongoing observations of ground behavior.