Neutron moderator

A neutron moderator is a material used in nuclear reactors to slow down fast-moving neutrons produced during fission. Fast neutrons are less likely to sustain a chain reaction, so by slowing them to thermal energies, the chances of causing further fissions increase. Common moderators include water, heavy water, or graphite. They work by colliding with neutrons and transferring some of their energy, reducing their speed. This process helps maintain a controlled and efficient nuclear chain reaction, making the reactor operate safely and effectively.