Neumes

Neumes are ancient symbols used in Gregorian chant and early musical notation to indicate changes in pitch, rhythm, and melody. Before modern notation, they served as guides for singers to remember the contours of a melody, rather than precise note placements. Neumes can represent ascending or descending motion, groups of notes, or specific vocal styles, helping singers interpret the music more accurately. They are the precursor to the modern staff notation system, laying the foundation for how music is written and understood today.