Neo-Babylonian period

The Neo-Babylonian period (roughly 626–539 BCE) was a time when Babylon, a major ancient Mesopotamian city, experienced a renaissance of power, culture, and wealth. It followed a period of Assyrian dominance and is best known for rebuilding and beautifying Babylon, including the construction of the famed Hanging Gardens—one of the ancient wonders. This era saw significant developments in architecture, arts, and science, and it reached its peak under King Nebuchadnezzar II. The Neo-Babylonian Empire ultimately fell to the Persian Achaemenid Empire in 539 BCE, marking the end of its independence.