negative cooperativity

Negative cooperativity occurs when the binding of a molecule to a site on a protein decreases the likelihood of additional molecules binding nearby. Imagine a protein with multiple binding sites; when one molecule attaches, it slightly changes the protein’s shape or environment, making it harder for other molecules to bind. This process helps regulate activity, preventing over-saturation, and maintains balance in biological systems. In essence, negative cooperativity acts as a built-in control mechanism, ensuring that the protein's function responds appropriately to changing conditions.