natural convection

Natural convection is a process where heat causes fluid, like air or water, to move naturally without mechanical help. When a part of the fluid is heated, it becomes less dense and rises, while cooler, denser fluid sinks. This movement creates a circulation pattern that transfers heat away from the source. For example, warm air rises from a heater, warming the room. Natural convection occurs in many everyday situations, such as boiling water, atmospheric circulation, and radiator heating, driven solely by temperature differences and gravity.