Nabataean Kingdom

The Nabataean Kingdom was an ancient Arab civilization that thrived around the 4th century BCE to the 2nd century CE, centered in what is now southern Jordan. They were skilled traders and water collectors, controlling a vital trade route known as the Incense Route, which connected Arabia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean. The Nabataeans are famous for their impressive rock-cut architecture, including the archaeological site of Petra. Their society combined Arab, Greek, and Roman influences, and they excelled in arts, engineering, and commerce before eventually falling under Roman control.