Multilevel Perspective

The Multilevel Perspective is a way to understand how large-scale societal changes, like transitioning to renewable energy, happen. It sees this process as occurring across three interconnected levels: the Landscape (broad trends and events such as climate concerns), the Regimes (dominant systems and routines, like existing energy infrastructure), and Niches (innovative experiments or new ideas). Change often starts with niche innovations supported by shifts in the landscape, which gradually influence and reshape the dominant regime. This perspective helps explain how gradual innovations and external pressures combine to drive significant societal transformations.