mtDNA mutations

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are changes or errors in the genetic material found in mitochondria, the energy-producing parts of cells. Unlike most DNA in the nucleus, mtDNA is inherited only from the mother. These mutations can affect how well mitochondria produce energy, potentially leading to health issues or mitochondrial diseases. They can occur randomly or due to environmental factors, and because mitochondria are numerous in cells, a mutation in some may not cause symptoms, but widespread mutations can impair cell function and overall health.