mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is the small amount of genetic material found in mitochondria, the parts of cells responsible for producing energy. Unlike most DNA, which is located in the cell nucleus and inherited from both parents, mtDNA is inherited solely from the mother. It contains genes essential for energy production and various cellular functions. Because of its unique inheritance pattern, mtDNA is commonly used in studying maternal lineage, ancestry, and some genetic diseases. It provides valuable information about our biological history and how our cells generate energy vital for survival.