Modern Nation-States

Modern nation-states are political entities characterized by a defined territory, a permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter relations with other states. They often embody a shared identity, through culture, language, or history, which fosters a sense of belonging among their citizens. Nation-states emerged prominently after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, and they have become the primary form of political organization in the world today. Key features include sovereignty (the authority to govern itself) and recognition by other states, shaping global politics, trade, and international law.