Mitochondrial membrane potential

The mitochondrial membrane potential is the electrical difference across the inner membrane of a mitochondrion, the cell’s energy powerhouse. This potential results from a build-up of positively charged ions (mainly protons) on one side, creating an electrical charge. This charge is essential because it provides the energy that mitochondria use to produce ATP, the molecule that powers most cellular activities. In simple terms, the membrane potential is like a battery inside the cell, enabling mitochondria to generate the energy needed for cells to function properly.