Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization

Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) is a process where the protective outer membrane of the mitochondria becomes more permeable or "leaky." Mitochondria are cell structures responsible for producing energy. When MMP occurs, harmful signals can escape, leading to cell stress or death, often as part of the body’s natural response to damage or infection. This process is tightly regulated; excessive or unwanted permeabilization can contribute to diseases like cancer or neurodegeneration, whereas controlled MMP plays a vital role in healthy cell function and programmed cell death (apoptosis).