Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is the genetic material found in mitochondria, the energy-producing structures within our cells. Unlike most DNA, which is inherited from both parents, mtDNA is inherited solely from the mother. It contains instructions for making proteins involved in energy production. Because of its unique inheritance pattern and relatively small size, mtDNA is often used in studies of ancestry, evolutionary biology, and certain genetic diseases. It plays a crucial role in how cells generate energy, supporting the functions necessary for life and health.