Misfolded proteins

Misfolded proteins are proteins that do not fold into their proper three-dimensional shapes, which is essential for their normal function. Proteins are like biological machines, and their shape determines how they work. When they fold incorrectly, they can’t perform their tasks properly and may stick together, forming harmful clumps. These misfolded proteins are associated with diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson’s, and mad cow disease. The body has mechanisms to manage and dispose of these faulty proteins, but when these systems fail or are overwhelmed, it can lead to cell damage and illness.