miRNA

miRNA, or microRNA, are small molecules in cells that help control gene activity. They work by attaching to messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries instructions from DNA to make proteins. When an miRNA binds to mRNA, it can block the production of specific proteins or even lead to the breakdown of the mRNA. This process helps regulate various biological functions, like development, cell growth, and response to environmental changes. In essence, miRNAs act as molecular switches, fine-tuning which genes are active, ensuring cells function properly.