Minerals Management Service (MMS)

The Minerals Management Service (MMS) was a U.S. government agency responsible for managing the nation’s natural resources on the Outer Continental Shelf, including oil, gas, and minerals. Its main roles included overseeing exploration and production, ensuring environmental protection, and collecting revenues from these activities. Established in 1982, MMS aimed to balance resource extraction with ecological concerns. However, it faced criticism for regulatory failures, particularly highlighted by the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill. In 2011, it was restructured and its responsibilities divided among new entities, emphasizing improved oversight and safety in offshore operations.