Microbial evolution

Microbial evolution is the process by which microorganisms like bacteria and viruses change over time through genetic mutations and natural selection. These tiny organisms can adapt quickly because they reproduce fast, allowing beneficial traits—such as antibiotic resistance—to spread rapidly. Mutations introduce new traits, and those that improve survival or reproduction become more common. This ongoing evolution helps microbes adapt to changing environments, resist medicines, or become more virulent. Overall, microbial evolution is a dynamic process shaping the diversity and behavior of microorganisms in nature and health contexts.