Mesopotamian city-states

Mesopotamian city-states were independent urban centers in ancient Mesopotamia, primarily located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, in present-day Iraq. Each city-state, such as Ur, Uruk, and Babylon, had its own government, ruler, and deities. They were characterized by a strong fortified center, temples, and surrounding agricultural land. City-states often engaged in trade, warfare, and alliances with one another. This structure fostered cultural and technological advancements, leading to significant developments in writing, law, and architecture, laying the foundations for future civilizations.