Maxwell-Stefan equations

The Maxwell-Stefan equations describe how different gases or particles move through a mixture, considering their interactions and the resistance they face. Instead of assuming each gas moves independently, these equations account for how collisions and forces between particles slow or influence their flow. They help predict how gases mix or separate in processes like chemical reactors, filtration, or atmospheric phenomena, by relating the driving forces (like concentration gradients) to the resulting fluxes (movement rates) through a framework that considers inter-species interactions.