Mary Whiton Calkins

Mary Whiton Calkins was a pioneering American psychologist and philosopher in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She was the first woman to complete the requirements for a Ph.D. in psychology at Harvard University, although she was not officially awarded the degree due to gender discrimination. Calkins made significant contributions to understanding memory, self-psychology, and the subconscious, and she founded one of the first psychological laboratories primarily for women. Her work helped pave the way for women in psychology and advanced the scientific study of the mind.