Martian Geology

Martian geology studies the rocks, minerals, and surface features of Mars to understand its history and processes. The planet's surface reveals evidence of ancient volcanoes, massive impact craters, and vast valleys carved by rivers and glaciers. Mars has a thick crust composed mainly of basaltic rock, similar to volcanic islands on Earth. Features like dried-up riverbeds suggest it once had liquid water, and the presence of minerals needing water hints at a wetter past. Studying Martian geology helps scientists learn about its climate evolution and assess whether the planet could have supported life.