Martian Geography

Mars’ geography features diverse terrain, including the massive, ancient volcanic shield called Olympus Mons, the tallest volcano in the solar system. It has wide, flat plains like the outflow channels where liquid once flowed, and deep canyon systems such as Valles Marineris, which cuts across the surface for thousands of kilometers. The planet’s surface is covered with reddish dust and rocks due to iron oxide. Polar ice caps of frozen water and carbon dioxide grow and shrink seasonally. These features reveal a complex history of volcanic activity, climate changes, and possible water flow, making Mars a compelling subject for scientific exploration.