Mantle

The mantle is the thick layer of the Earth located between the crust and the core, making up about 84% of Earth's volume. It is composed mainly of solid rock that can slowly flow over geological time scales. This movement drives tectonic activity, such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The mantle extends to depths of about 2,900 kilometers (1,800 miles) beneath the surface. Despite being mostly solid, high temperatures and pressure allow rock to behave plastically, facilitating slow convection currents that influence the Earth's surface dynamics.