Magnetic Domain Theory

Magnetic Domain Theory explains how materials like iron become magnets. Inside these materials, tiny regions called domains exist, where the magnetic moments of atoms align in the same direction. When many domains are randomly oriented, the material isn't magnetic. But when a magnetic field is applied, these domains rotate and grow, aligning more uniformly. Once aligned, the material becomes magnetized and stays so even after the external field is removed. The strength of the magnet depends on how many domains are aligned and their size. This theory helps us understand how magnetic materials are created and used in various applications.