Magic number in nuclear physics

In nuclear physics, "magic numbers" refer to specific numbers of protons or neutrons in an atomic nucleus that result in particularly stable configurations. These numbers—2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126—mark complete shells of nucleons (protons and neutrons) within the nucleus. Just as noble gases are stable due to filled electron shells, nuclei with magic numbers tend to be more stable and less likely to undergo radioactive decay. This concept helps scientists understand nuclear structure and stability, informing research in both chemistry and astrophysics.