Mad proteins

MAD proteins are part of a cellular system called the TGF-beta signaling pathway, which helps regulate cell growth and development. They act as universal inhibitors, controlling when cells should grow, divide, or differentiate. By balancing signals, MAD proteins help prevent abnormal cell behavior that could lead to diseases like cancer. They work by binding to other molecules to turn off or moderate specific gene activities. Overall, MAD proteins are essential for maintaining healthy cell functions and ensuring proper development.