Lyonisation

Lyonisation, also known as X-chromosome inactivation, is a natural process in female mammals where one of their two X chromosomes is randomly turned off in each cell. This ensures that males and females have a similar amount of certain proteins encoded on the X chromosome. During early development, cells choose one X chromosome to inactivate, and all descendant cells maintain that choice. As a result, females are a mosaic, with some cells expressing genes from one X and others from the other, contributing to genetic diversity and affecting the expression of certain traits and diseases.