Lymphocyte-Predominant Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis

Lymphocyte-Predominant Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung condition where abnormal buildup of a protein-rich substance occurs in the tiny air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs. This buildup is associated with an excess of lymphocytes, a type of immune cell, indicating an immune response. The accumulated material impairs gas exchange, leading to breathing difficulties such as cough and shortness of breath. Unlike other forms driven by immune system activity destroying cells, this variant involves immune cell infiltration causing the buildup, and it may require specific treatment to remove or reduce the excess material for better lung function.