Low-Temperature Plasma

Low-temperature plasma is a state of matter similar to a hot plasma, but it exists at relatively low temperatures, often close to room temperature. It consists of a mixture of energized particles, including ions, electrons, and neutral atoms, created by applying energy—such as electric fields—to a gas. Because it's not as hot as the plasma found in stars or lightning, low-temperature plasma can be used safely for sterilization, surface treatment, and environmental cleanup without damaging materials. This state of matter enables many industrial and medical applications due to its ability to modify surfaces and eliminate microbes effectively.