Liu Shan

Liu Shan (207–271 AD) was the second and final emperor of the Shu Han state during the Three Kingdoms period in ancient China. He succeeded his father, Liu Bei, and reigned from 223 until Shu Han's fall in 263. Liu Shan is often depicted as a weak and ineffective ruler, overshadowed by his father's legacy and notable generals like Zhuge Liang. His inability to defend his kingdom against rival states led to political instability and eventual conquest by the Wei state. Liu Shan’s reign serves as a historical example of leadership challenges during a time of division in China.