Light-sensitive ion channels

Light-sensitive ion channels are specialized proteins embedded in cell membranes that open or close in response to light. When exposed to certain wavelengths, these channels allow specific ions (like sodium or calcium) to flow into or out of the cell, triggering electrical signals. They play a crucial role in processes such as vision, enabling the retina to convert light into neural signals the brain can interpret. These channels are also used in scientific research and medical treatments to control cell activity with light, a technique known as optogenetics.