ligand-gated ion channels

Ligand-gated ion channels are specialized proteins embedded in cell membranes that open or close in response to specific molecules called ligands, such as neurotransmitters. When a ligand binds to the channel, it causes a change in the protein’s shape, opening a pore that allows ions like sodium, potassium, or calcium to pass through. This ion flow rapidly alters the electrical charge across the cell membrane, triggering signals that influence cell activity, especially in nerve and muscle cells. These channels are crucial for communication within the nervous system and for muscle contraction.