Leopold II

Leopold II was the King of Belgium from 1865 to 1909, known for his controversial rule, particularly regarding the Congo Free State, which he personally owned from 1885 to 1908. Under his rule, millions of Congolese suffered due to exploitation, forced labor, and violence, leading to widespread outrage and humanitarian concerns in Europe. His actions contributed to significant death tolls and lasting impacts on Congo's social and economic structures. In 1908, international pressure forced Belgium to take control of the Congo, ending Leopold's personal reign. His legacy remains deeply controversial, reflecting themes of colonialism and human rights abuses.