Lava dome formation theory

A lava dome forms when thick, sticky magma erupts from a volcano but doesn't flow far; instead, it piles up near the vent. Because the magma is highly viscous, it hardens quickly, creating a rounded, steep-sided mound. Over time, repeated eruptions add layers, building a dome that can grow quite large. Lava domes are often fragile and can collapse or produce dangerous ash and pyroclastic flows. Their formation reflects the magma's composition and eruption style, serving as a visible indicator of ongoing volcanic activity and potential hazards.