Lateran Treaty

The Lateran Treaty, signed in 1929 between the Kingdom of Italy and the Holy See (the Vatican), established formal recognition of the Vatican City as an independent, sovereign state. It resolved conflicts from earlier disputes over church lands and authority, guaranteeing the Pope's influence and independence in spiritual and political matters while Italy recognized the Vatican's sovereignty. This treaty helped reconcile Italy and the Catholic Church, ensuring clear boundaries and a formal agreement that has governed their relationship ever since.