latent variables

Latent variables are traits or qualities that aren't directly observed but influence behaviors or outcomes. Think of them like hidden influences. For instance, intelligence or motivation can affect how well someone performs in school, but you can't measure these traits directly. Instead, you assess performance through tests or actions, which reflect these latent variables. In research, identifying and understanding these hidden factors can help explain complex behaviors and patterns that data alone might not reveal. Essentially, they provide deeper insight into what drives observable results.