Late Ottoman Period

The Late Ottoman Period, spanning from the late 18th century to the early 20th century, was a time of decline for the Ottoman Empire. Following its height during the 16th and 17th centuries, the empire faced military defeats, territorial losses, and internal strife. Efforts to modernize the empire, known as the Tanzimat reforms, aimed to strengthen and centralize control. Nationalist movements among various ethnic groups challenged the empire's integrity, ultimately leading to its collapse after World War I. This era reflects a complex transformation as the Ottomans sought to adapt to changing global dynamics while grappling with internal challenges.